B.+DeLaire

 BEFORE YOU PUT IN A LOT OF TIME AND EFFORT COMPOSING A RESEARCH PLAN DOCUMENT:  WRITE DOWN SHORT; CLEAR (NO b.s.) ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS:   I want to measure individual improvement of students in regards to understanding and applying a structured problem solving approach.   Throughout the academic community, the mantra of the need to improve student’s problem solving skills is repeated. Although many standardized tests have shown a definite need for improvement in problem solving skills, very little information is offered on just how to address this issue.     a)  Will there be a relationship to the effectiveness of students that are provided with an organized approach to problem solving?  b)   <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">What will be the student’s reactions in comparing a disorganized approach to problem solving vs. an organized manner. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> c)  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Will students provided with instruction on structured problem solving become more accurate in their approach? <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">4. Do I need to provide a clear definition of these factors and variables to clarify how they are being applied in my study? (if so what are those operational definitions?) <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> a)  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">  <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">5. What 'tools' / procedures will I use to collect the information? <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">The students will be evaluated using the following Triangular approach: <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> __Self imposed student evaluation__ <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">
 * //__<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif';">Key Questions to Check Your Readiness to Develop a Research Plan Document __//**
 * <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">1. What am I trying to do? (example: I want to find out if .......) **
 * <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">2. Why am I doing this? (I will use this information to ...; etc.) **
 * <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">3. What are the key factors, issues (variables?) about which I will need to collect **
 * <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Information; measure a possible change; determine a possible relationship? **

<span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> __Instructor Observation__ __Review of the Artifacts__ <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">6. What steps will I take to do the observing / measuring? <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> a)  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">At the onset of the study the students will be provided with a questionnaire to determine their methods current methods/tactics used in Problem Solving. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> b)   <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Class discussions with be conducted to determine their current mindset in regards to problem solving methods. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> c)  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Select Problems will be provided to the students. The first problem will be presented prior to the student’s instruction on problem solving strategies. (In this study we will use the Kepler –Tregoe method).   <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">7. Who will be involved? <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> 64 High School Students currently enrolled in 3 computer assisted Drafting Classes and one Pre-engineering class will be the active participants in this study. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">8. Are there any legal, ethical issues that need to be addressed and cleared? <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Yes, the data derived from this study may require permission of administration and parents in order to be published with the students names, At this time the students will remain anonymous. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">9. When I am completed: WHAT QUESTION(S) WILL HAVE BEEN EXPLORED/ANSWERED? <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> a)  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> Does the introduction of a structured approach improve a students ability to solve problems.  <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Century Schoolbook';"> b)   <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Is their a relationship in the effectiveness and accuracy of problem solving when a structured technique is introduced. <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">Now you have extracted the key 'raw material' that you need to put together your plan. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">YOU ALSO HAVE IDENTIFIED THE KEY SECTIONS AND SUBSECTIONS OF YOUR REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">No matter how much you want to show off how many literature sources you have collected/reviewed, include only references and information that support the answers to the questions above. IF IT DOESN'T FIT ...DON'T SUBMIT !!! <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';"> <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New';">ff <span style="font-family: 'Century Schoolbook','serif';">

**Abstract**: Visiting the subject of Problem solving in Technology Education a question is presented: If a problem solving model is introduced to the students, will they improve their problem solving skills in the areas of time and effectiveness? As problem solving is already inherent in technology education programs, it should also be stated that the development of a method would greatly benefit students in approaching challenges with a structured and effective format. Also is there a measurable difference in the speed and accuracy/effectiveness of students provided with problem solving strategies vs. students left to rely on their already presumed hot or miss methods. The purpose of this study is to determine effective methods of implementing problem solving techniques into a High School Technology Education Program. The participants will be 64 9th through 12th graders. The key information and sources are under review at this time and will be supplied and updated throughout the process. The ITEA Standards and the not yet accepted Draft Form Rhode Island GSE’s and GLE’s will be used as a structure. Technology Education, by its nature is dependent upon problem solving strategies. To often the techniques or lack of techniques lead to answers. The answers are sometimes correct, but are arrived at in a haphazard method. Throughout this study I will attempt to measure/observe effective vs. ineffective methods of introducing problem solving into the classroom. Many studies have boasted of the need for problem solving in the classroom, yet they often lack constructive methods. // Will students provided with the tools or methods for problem solving arrive at the correct solution in a timelier manner than students who are not provided with these structured methods? // This study will attempt to research student response effectiveness in the area of problem solving using <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed;">Kepner-Tregoe method. Does the use of a problem solving method affect the achievement of High School Technology Education students especially in the measurements of time and correctness? To determine the effectiveness of a students use of a structured problem solving method a determined number of students will be provided with instruction on the use of the Kepner-Tragoe model while an equal number of students will be presented with the identical problems without the model. **Hypothesis: // In process //** Structured techniques should be more effective in the Problem Solving Skills/Results in regards to Technology Education High School Students. Is there a relationship between the implementation of problem solving techniques and a students ability to more effectively solve those problems correctly and in a timely manner. The use of the <span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed;">Kepner-Tragoe model should provide students with greater problem solving skills. Measurement provided by a time rating and effectiveness in regards to arriving at an acceptable and/or correct answer. Problem solving has been brought to the forefront in the measurement of a schools performance ratings in recent years. Many testing tools such as the NECAP testing model are used to determine students and schools effectiveness in problem solving. While much of this data seems to be concerned with the student’s effectiveness in solving mathematical problems, the tide seems to be turning towards a student’s ability to solve word problems and scenarios. Problem solving skills will continue to be a measurement of a schools performance at least in the foreseeable future. Does Technology Education play a role in providing a student with the life skill of problem solving? Is there a relationship between the use of a problem solving model and the effectiveness of a student’s problem solving skills? <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The students involved in this study will be provided with a series of problems scenarios. The test subjects will be divided into two groups. One group will be provided with a problem solving model, in particularly the <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Kepner-Tragoe model. The other group will not be provided with any type of model. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Study sample. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The subjects selected for this study will be 9th thru 12th grade Technology education students currently enrolled in 4 Computer Assisted drafting classes. This sample is selected on the convenience method as the students are enrolled in four separate sections. This allows for an assumed balance of intelligence levels as well an equal demographic group. In this case all but one student happens to be male. 62 students will participate in the process. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The students involved in this study will be provided with a series of problems scenarios. The test subjects will be divided into two groups. One group will be provided with a problem solving model, in particularly the <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Kepner-Tragoe model. The other group will not be provided with any type of model. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Study sample. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The subjects selected for this study will be 9th thru 12th grade Technology education students currently enrolled in 4 Computer Assisted drafting classes. This sample is selected on the convenience method as the students are enrolled in four separate sections. This allows for an assumed balance of intelligence levels as well an equal demographic group. In this case all but one student happens to be male. 62 students will participate in the process. <span style="color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: CSQQNM+Garamond-LightCondensed; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> ** Literature Review Assignment ** Lee, Lung-Sheng, Steven (1996) //Problem-solving as the Intent and Content of Technology Education.// Paper Presented at the annual Meeting of the International Technology Education Association (58th, Phoenix, AZ, March 31-April 2, 1996). Publication Type is Speeches/Conference Papers. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">P John Williams <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">P John Williams Vocational Education <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Edith Cowan University] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> http://lsn.curtin.edu.au/tlf/tlf1996/williamspj.html http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514264878/html/x414.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_education <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|International Technology Education Association] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|National Center for Technological Literacy] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> at the <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Museum of Science, Boston] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Valley City State University Department of Technology] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Melrose Veterans Memorial Middle School Tech Ed] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology Education Online Classroom] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|New York State Technology Education Association] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|International Technology Education Association] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|State University of New York at Oswego Department Of Technology] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Epsilon Pi Tau - International Honor Society for Technology] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Louisiana Technology Student Association, USA] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|New York City Technology Course Search Organization] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Australian University Example of Technology Education Unit] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|SUNY Oswego, Dept. of Technology, Dr. William Waite's Academic Web Site] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology Education, Clarksville Middle School] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|23 Course Outlines for High School Technology Education Courses] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #cc2200; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Nuuanu Elementary School Example of Technology Education] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Blackhawk Middle School Technology Education Virtual Hub] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Association of Career and Technical Education (ACTE)] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|New Jersey Technology Education Association] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Georgia Southern University - Tech Ed] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology Education Association of Pennsylvania] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Pennsylvania Technology Student Association] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology Education Association of California] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology for All Americans Project] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Journal of Technology Education] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|The Magazine of Design and Technology] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[|Technology Directions Magazine] <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">http://www.2learn.ca/projects/together/KWORDS/problemw.html <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> //<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education //<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: SymbolMT; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> © //<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2007 UICEE // //<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vol.6, No.1, 2007 // <span style="font-family: 'TimesNewRomanPSMT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">173 <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">http://www.eng.monash.edu.au/uicee/worldtransactions/WordTransAbstractsVol6No1/36_ChenLinLiu28.pdf <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> ||
 * This information and its layout is currently only a skeletal structure and will be routinely supplemented. **
 * Purpose of Study **
 * Research Question: **
 * Review of related Literature: // Under Review // **
 * **__<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Problem solving effectiveness. __**<span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Methods and Procedures __**
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Methods **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Procedures **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data required. **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Study Example **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data Collection **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data Analysis **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Results **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Summary **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Conclusions **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Recommendations **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Limitations of Study **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Refrences ** ||
 * **__<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Problem solving effectiveness. __**<span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Methods and Procedures __**
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Methods **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Procedures **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data required. **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Study Example **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data Collection **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Data Analysis **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Results **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Summary **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Conclusions **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Recommendations **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Limitations of Study **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Refrences ** ||
 * Primary Sources: **
 * Problem solving: A multidisciplinary approach to learning technology**
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Education about and through technology.: In Search of More Appropriate Pedagogical Approaches to Technology Education <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Chapter 2. The theoretical stance on the research <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ||   ||
 * Secondary Sources: From Wikipedia **
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Technology education in the classroom: Understanding the designed world] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Raizen, Sellwood, et al. - 1995 ||
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Does integrating technology, science, and mathematics improve technological problem solving? A quasi-experiment] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Childress - 1996 ||
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuition, incubation, and insight: Implicit cognition in problem solving] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Dorfman, Shames, et al. - 1996 ||
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuitive belief systems and informal reasoning in cognitive development] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Keil - 1991
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Does integrating technology, science, and mathematics improve technological problem solving? A quasi-experiment] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Childress - 1996 ||
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuition, incubation, and insight: Implicit cognition in problem solving] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Dorfman, Shames, et al. - 1996 ||
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuitive belief systems and informal reasoning in cognitive development] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Keil - 1991
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuitive belief systems and informal reasoning in cognitive development] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Keil - 1991
 * || <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; color: #6666ff; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">[|Intuitive belief systems and informal reasoning in cognitive development] <span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> – Keil - 1991
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">The development of an inventory to assess the problem-solving attitude of industrial high **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">school students **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Farn Shing Chen†, Ying Ming Lin† & Mei Hui Liu‡ **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">